Series: M637   Rolls: 1 - 12 1790 Facts 1. First U.S. decennial population census. 2. U.S. population: 3.9 million     (3.2 million free, .7 million slave) 3. Census conducted by U.S. marshals under the     direction of the president. 4. Census day: 1st Monday in August (2 August 1790). 5. Mandated copies: One set, sent to the federal district     court. Same copy ordered sent to the     U.S. Secretary of State in 1830. 6. A printed list of the 1790 census is available     on microfilm as National Archives' publication:     Series: T498 Rolls: 1,2, and 3.