Series: M19   Rolls: 1 - 201 1830 Facts 1. Fifth U.S. decennial population census. 2. U.S. population: 12.9 million     (10.9 million free, 2.0 million slave) 3. Census conducted by U.S. marshals under the     direction of the Secretary of State. 4. Census day: 1 June 1830. 5. Mandated copies: Two sets, one sent to the federal     district court, the other to the Secretary of State. This     was the first federal census to supply enumerators with     uniform, printed forms for recording names.